四川水土保持需要這(zhe)么(me)做(zuo)，咱們(men)來(lai)聊一聊。

一、水土(tu)流失(shi)情況(kuang)

我國是(shi)世(shi)界上水土流失(shi)嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)國家之(zhi)一，水土流失(shi)是(shi)我國頭號環境問題，尤其黃(huang)(huang)土高(gao)原更嚴(yan)重。黃(huang)(huang)土高(gao)原受到黃(huang)(huang)河(he)的(de)(de)(de)侵(qin)蝕而被(bei)卷走大量的(de)(de)(de)土壤(rang)，形成(cheng)千(qian)溝萬(wan)壑的(de)(de)(de)地表形態(tai)，水土流失(shi)十分嚴(yan)重。流失(shi)總量每年為(wei)16億(yi)噸,是(shi)黃(huang)(huang)河(he)下游(you)洪水泥沙災(zai)害的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要根源。

二、水土保(bao)持預(yu)防監督

預防(fang)(fang)監督的(de)生產建設(she)項目(mu)(mu)主(zhu)要有工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)園區工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、城(cheng)(cheng)市管網工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、房地產工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、其(qi)他城(cheng)(cheng)建工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、公路工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、鐵(tie)路工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、風(feng)電工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、輸變電工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、引調(diao)水工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、堤防(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、蓄滯洪(hong)區工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、其(qi)他小(xiao)型水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、加工(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)類項目(mu)(mu)、社(she)會事業(ye)類項目(mu)(mu)等有可(ke)能造(zao)(zao)成水土(tu)流失(shi)的(de)生產活動。

三(san)、水土保持(chi)方(fang)案編報審批

生產建設(she)項(xiang)目征占地(di)面積(ji)在5公頃(qing)以(yi)上(shang)或者挖(wa)填土石方總(zong)量在5萬(wan)立方米(mi)以(yi)上(shang)應當編制水土保(bao)持(chi)方案(an)報(bao)告(gao)書；征占地(di)面積(ji)在0.5公頃(qing)以(yi)上(shang)5公頃(qing)以(yi)下或者挖(wa)填土石方總(zong)量在1千立方米(mi)以(yi)上(shang)5萬(wan)立方米(mi)以(yi)下應編制水土保(bao)持(chi)方案(an)報(bao)告(gao)表。

水(shui)(shui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)主管(guan)部(bu)門(men)對水(shui)(shui)土保持(chi)方案(an)(an)(an)報告書組織開展技術(shu)評(ping)審(shen)。實行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)承(cheng)諾制管(guan)理的項目水(shui)(shui)土保持(chi)方案(an)(an)(an)報告表，由生產建設單(dan)位從省級(ji)水(shui)(shui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)主管(guan)部(bu)門(men)水(shui)(shui)土保持(chi)方案(an)(an)(an)..庫中自行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)選取至(zhi)少一名..簽署是否同意意見(jian)，審(shen)批部(bu)門(men)不再組織技術(shu)評(ping)審(shen)。由水(shui)(shui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)主管(guan)部(bu)門(men)備案(an)(an)(an)管(guan)理。

四(si)、水土(tu)保(bao)持補償(chang)費征收

生產(chan)建設活(huo)動(dong)中(zhong)損(sun)壞(huai)水(shui)(shui)土(tu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)設施(shi)和地(di)貌植(zhi)被，致使其水(shui)(shui)土(tu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)功(gong)能喪失或(huo)者降低，且不(bu)能恢(hui)復(fu)其原有水(shui)(shui)土(tu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)功(gong)能的，都應(ying)繳(jiao)納水(shui)(shui)土(tu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)補償費(fei)。根據（甘財稅〔2019〕14號）文件，對于一般(ban)性(xing)生產(chan)建設項(xiang)目，按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)征(zheng)占(zhan)用土(tu)地(di)面積1.4元/㎡計征(zheng)；對于取土(tu)、挖砂、采石，按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)1元/m3計征(zheng)。項(xiang)目開工前(qian)或(huo)建設活(huo)動(dong)開始前(qian)一次性(xing)繳(jiao)納水(shui)(shui)土(tu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)補償費(fei)。

五、水土(tu)保持監(jian)測監(jian)理(li)

編制水土保(bao)持方案報告書的項目(mu)，應當依法開展水土保(bao)持監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)工作。實行水土保(bao)持監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)“綠(lv)黃紅”三(san)色(se)(se)評(ping)價(jia)，在監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)季報和總結報告等監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)成果中(zhong)提(ti)出“綠(lv)黃紅”三(san)色(se)(se)評(ping)價(jia)結論。水行政(zheng)主管部(bu)門(men)對監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)評(ping)價(jia)結論為“紅”色(se)(se)的項目(mu)，納入著重監(jian)(jian)管對象。

六、水土保持設施(shi)自(zi)主驗(yan)收

水土(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)設施(shi)竣工(gong)驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)應(ying)由項目法人組織。自主驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)完(wan)成后，應(ying)當提(ti)交水土(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)設施(shi)驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)鑒定書(shu)、水土(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)設施(shi)驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)報告和水土(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)監測總結報告。其(qi)中(zhong)，實行承諾(nuo)制(zhi)或者備案(an)制(zhi)管理的項目，只需要(yao)提(ti)交水土(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)設施(shi)驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)鑒定書(shu)，其(qi)水土(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)設施(shi)驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)組中(zhong)應(ying)當有至少一(yi)名(ming)省級水行政主管部門水土(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)方案(an)..庫..。

七(qi)、水土保持信用懲戒

實(shi)行(xing)水土(tu)保(bao)(bao)持信(xin)用監(jian)管。對生(sheng)產建(jian)設單位(wei)、水土(tu)保(bao)(bao)持技術服務單位(wei)、施工(gong)單位(wei)存(cun)在(zai)違(wei)法違(wei)規行(xing)為(wei)的(de)，要根據情形列入水土(tu)保(bao)(bao)持“著重關注名單”或(huo)者“失信(xin)黑(hei)名單”，并在(zai)水利行(xing)業、國家(jia)和(he)地(di)方信(xin)用信(xin)息(xi)平(ping)臺(tai)發布(bu)，對水土(tu)保(bao)(bao)持違(wei)法失信(xin)行(xing)為(wei)實(shi)行(xing)聯合懲戒和(he)社會(hui)監(jian)督，讓違(wei)法主體“一處(chu)違(wei)法、處(chu)處(chu)受限”。

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